Based on POI data of Wenzhou City in 2012, 2017, and 2022, the three-dimensional space is identified by production, living, and ecological functions. An analysis has been made of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution features of the three-dimensional space by using GIS spatial analysis methods, followed by a detection of the influencing factors of the three-dimensional space in 2022 by using geographic detectors. The results indicate that from 2012 to 2022, the overall three-dimensional spatial distribution in Wenzhou City gradually developed into a “One Center - Two Axes” pattern, forming a spatial pattern with the main urban area of Lucheng south of the Oujiang River as the core, the eastern coast and Oujiang River basin as the development axis, with a relatively scattered distribution in the periphery. The spatial pattern of the production-living-ecological pattern in Wenzhou City is influenced by a combination of natural, socio-economic, and established environment factors, with the key factors being terrain undulation, temperature, and regional economic development. The interaction between the selected 16 factors help to enhance the explanatory power of the spatial differentiation of the production-living-ecological functions.