In view of an investigation of the effect of rubber pre-compression on the strength and stiffness of resilient wheels, based on Mooney-Rivilin model, a finite element model of resilient wheels, which takes into consideration of the rubber precompression, as well as an resilient wheel finite element model without considering rubber pre-compression, have thus been established. By referring to international standards, strength and stiffness calculations are carried out for both models, with the stiffness simulation of resilient wheels to be verified through experiments. The results show that with pre-compression taken into consideration, the risk factors of wheel tire, wheel core, rubber and mounting ring are 0.07, 0.31, 0.70 and 0.34 respectively, with an overall stiffness of 167.22 kN/mm. While without considering pre-compression, the risk factors of wheel tire, wheel core, rubber and mounting ring are 0.07, 0.04, 0.19 and 0.004 respectively, with an overall stiffness of 49.85 kN/mm. Based on the resilient wheel stiffness test, its stiffness value is 185.19 kN/mm, with a relative error of only 9.7% compared to the resilient wheel stiffness with precompression taken into consideration.