On the basis of the “New Development Concept”, combined with the development characteristics of the construction industry, a comprehensive evaluation index system has been constructed for the high-quality development level of China’s construction industry from eight dimensions. The entropy method is adopted for the measurement of the high-quality development level of the construction industry in 30 provinces from 2012 to 2021, followed by a subsequent analysis of the regional disparity and imbalances in the high-quality development level of the construction industry by using the Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition method, as well as the kernel density estimation method. The results show that the high-quality development level of China’s construction industry is relatively low, with estimated values ranging from 0.122 9 to 0.586 0; the overall Gini coefficient has increased by 5.2%, which indicates that there are regional disparity in the high-quality development of China’s construction industry, with the differences increasing year by year; there is a significant imbalance in the high-quality development level of the construction industry across the whole country and regions, with its polarization in the eastern and western regions of the country.