In order to solve the wear problem of the bucket joint friction vice of the excavator, a specific excavator model is taken as an example to determine the corresponding load by simulating the typical working conditions of the excavator bucket joint friction pair, with the finite element method adopted to study the stress distribution of various micro textured surfaces under this loading condition. The GY-LC-01 femtosecond laser marking machine is used to process certain size of microstructures on the surface of 1Cr13 substrate, with the friction and wear tests conducted by using end face friction and wear testing machine under oil lubrication condition. The worn surfaces is observed by using a three-dimensional scanning depth microscope to study the friction mechanism of different microstructures and the anti-friction effect of friction pairs under lubrication condition. The results show that the textured surface is characterized with a better friction performance, with stress concentrated at the edges of the texture. Circular textured surfaces are characterized with the lowest stress and the best anti-friction and wear-resistant properties, with the lowest average friction coefficient.