In order to reinforce the backfill soil with vacuum preloading PVD drainage plates, indoor geotechnical tests and indoor single well model tests are conducted on a typical construction site in Humen Port area. Through the pore water pressure, soil settlement, vacuum degree at different positions of the drainage plate, and test drainage amount in the model cylinder during the tests, soil samples at different positions in the model cylinder are taken for direct shear tests and moisture content determination. Based on an analysis of the soil reinforcement effect of vacuum preloading PVD drainage plates and the problem of drainage plate blockage, a corresponding two-dimensional finite element model is established by using Abaqus software to analyze the influence of factors such as changing the vacuum degree under the membrane and changing the insertion depth of the drainage plate on the consolidation effect of the foundation. It is found that the shear strength of the soil gradually decreases with the increase of depth, with the settlement at the top of the soil sample being the largest, gradually decreasing to only a slight difference below the middle of the soil sample. Due to the influence of the siltation layer, the drainage experiences an initial rapid increase in drainage volume, gradually decreasing after reaching the maximum value, and finally stabilizing. With an increase of the vacuum degree under the membrane and the depth of drainage board installation, the consolidation effect of the foundation becomes better.