Based on the theory of information asymmetry, taking Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2021 as the research object, an inquiry has been made into the mechanism of social responsibility information disclosure on the high-quality corporate development by using the chain multiple mediation effect model. The results indicate that social responsibility information disclosure exerts an indirect influence on the high-quality corporate development through financing constraints and green innovation, with its parallel and chain mediation effects being significant promoting effects. A further heterogeneity testing reveals that there is a more significant promotion effect of social responsibility information disclosure on high-quality corporate development in heavily polluting enterprises, private enterprises, separated enterprises, and compliant disclosure enterprises. The research findings provide evidence that social responsibility information disclosure, as an important factor in achieving high-quality corporate development, helps to enhance the understanding of the relationship between the two, thus enriching the research on the path of high-quality corporate development.