By adopting the landscape pattern analysis method, an optimal land use classification granularity is eatablished, with a subsequent urban ecological quality evaluation to be conducted and carbon emissions to be calculated based on land use classification results, followed by an analysis of changes in the spatial pattern of carbon emissions in various districts and counties in Chengdu city. Based on the analysis results, 30 meters is the optimal classification granularity. From 2015 to 2020, the overall urban ecological quality has been improved, with an increase in the total carbon emissions of each district and county. Moreover, the urban ecological quality of the city has been improved mostly in areas with a large increase in carbon emissions. In summary, it can be concluded that Chengdu has not experienced any deterioration in urban ecological quality due to the accelerated urbanization process, but witnessed a significant improvement in ecological quality in areas with rapid urbanization. Therefore, Chengdu is currently in the process of ecological improvement construction as a whole.