Against the backdrop of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, it is of great significance to carry out a research on the space coordinated development of population and economy in order to promote its sustainable economic development in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as Qiannan Prefecture), one of the important ethnic minority areas in China. On the basis of the population and economic data of various counties and cities in Qiannan Prefecture from 2006 to 2020, by using such methods as geographic concentration, population economic inconsistency coefficient, and center of gravity model, a systematic analysis has been made of the spatial coordinated development relationship between population and economy in Qiannan Prefecture. The results show that the spatial distribution pattern of its population and economic geographical concentration is high in the north and low in the south. The spatial consistency between population distribution and economic development in Qiannan Prefecture is characterized with an evident regional disparity. Counties and cities with lower population agglomeration than economic agglomeration are mainly concentrated in the northern regions with higher levels of economic development, while counties and cities with higher population agglomeration than economic agglomeration are mainly distributed in the southern regions with lower economic development levels. Both the population center of gravity and the economic center of gravity deviate from the geometric center of gravity in the northeast direction with a greater deviation distance of the economic center of gravity, indicating that there is an imbalance in the distribution of population and economy in Qiannan Prefecture, with an even more striking economic imbalance in the meantime. On the whole, there is a certain correlation between the migration of population and economic centers in Qiannan prefecture. The correlation between population center of gravity and economic center of gravity is weak in longitude with a correlation coefficient of 0.389, while there is a strong correlation in the latitude direction, with a correlation coefficient of up to 0.946.