For an inquiry into the logistics industry efficiency in Northern Anhui and in view of a promotion of the high-quality economic development, a selection has thus been made of the relevant data from 2013 to 2019 so as to measure the logistics efficiency in Northern Anhui by using DEA-BCC model and Malmquist index method, with Tobit regression model adopted to explore its influencing factors. The results show that Northern Anhui is characterized with a high overall logistics efficiency, whereas with a relatively low pure technical efficiency, with economies of scale generally showing an increasing or constant trend. There is a slight downward trend in the development of logistics efficiency, with a disparity of unbalanced development among cities. Among the influencing factors, logistics efficiency is positively correlated with economic development level, among which government intervention and economic development level have a greater impact on logistics efficiency.