In view of a mastery of the situation of China’s industrial production efficiency so as to promote China’s industrial development, a selection has been made of the relevant data from 2009 to 2019 to evaluate the industrial production efficiency of 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the industrial production efficiency of most provinces and autonomous regions in China failed to reach an effective state; from the perspective of spatial distribution, China’s industrial production efficiency is characterized with a distinct regional disparity, with a higher distribution in the east and a lower distribution in the west. From the perspective of influencing factors, technological progress helps to promote the growth of China’s industrial total factor production efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of industrial production, further perfect the regional development strategy and narrow the development gap between the East and the West, it is proposed to promote economic transformation and improve the industrial structure, actively explore an environment-friendly economic development model, strengthen regional cooperation, rationally plan the cross-regional flow of means of production, stimulate the coordinated development of regions, increase investment in R & D, consolidate the integration of industry, university and research, thus promoting the improvement of production efficiency with the advancement of science and technology.