By adopting DEA model and Malmquist index method, a calculation has been made of the technological innovation efficiency of 14 cities and states in Hunan Province from 2011 to 2018, followed by a cluster analysis of the regional innovation efficiency of Hunan Province. The results show that in recent years, the innovation efficiency of Hunan Province shows a growing trend with an insignificant growth rate, due to the restraining effect by the technological progress on the innovation efficiency of Hunan Province. As viewed from the factor of time, the development of innovation efficiency shows an M-shaped tendency. From the perspective of regional development, there is an input and output redundancy for some cities and states, with different factors affecting the technological innovation efficiency. Finally, based on the empirical results, it is suggested that the coordination and cooperation among regions should be strengthened; efficiency improvement strategies should be put forward in light of local conditions; an emphasis should be laid on potential technological progress, further strengthening the introduction and absorption for an improvement of the innovation efficiency of the whole province.