Regional coordinated development is an important indicator for a rapid and stable development of the overall economy. Based on the economic development data of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2007 to 2017, the regional economic development index evaluation system can be constructed. The entropy method has been adopted to determine the index weights and calculate its economic development index to judge the overall situation of the regional economic disparities in Anhui Province. GeoDa software has been used for an analysis of the spatial and global auto-correlation and local auto-correlation of the regional economic development index in Anhui Province, thus clarifying the spatial and temporal evolution of regional economic disparities in Anhui Province. The results show that the regional economic disparities in Anhui Province are spatially dependent and positively correlated, with their spatial dependence and correlation showing a trend of increasing fluctuations. Meanwhile, there is spatial agglomeration of regional economic disparities in Anhui Province, mainly in the forms of high agglomeration and low agglomeration, with an obvious regional economic disparities in the two-level patterns in Anhui Province. It is advisable that great efforts should be made to promote the balanced development of all regions in the province by strengthening the overall planning of the government, combining our own endowments to create a characteristic development model and rationally allocating new economic and new resources.