Based on 3S technology, a study has been made of the changes of landscape patterns alongside Changsha-Yiyang double-track highway before and after its construction. By using the landscape ecology method and landscape pattern analysis software Fragstats, a comparison has been made of the changes of landscape patterns before and after the construction of the expressway from the perspectives of patches and landscape. The results show that the original landscape pattern has been cut linearly by the construction of freeway, thus aggravating the landscape fragmentation, increasing the heterogeneity of the landscape, and decreasing the impact of the expressway construction on the landscape with the increase of distance.