Based on a model testing, a research has been conducted on the load-bearing characteristics of geogrids, geocells and pure gravel cushion on the soft soil foundation under cyclic loading. An analysis has been made of the change regulation of the settlement, the strain of pile and the stress ratio of pile and soil along with cycle times and peak load under different working conditions. The research results show that under the condition of a dynamic loading, the reinforced gravel cushion can effectively limit the displacement of the cushion, and significantly reduce the cumulative settlement of the composite foundation. The strength and stiffness of the reinforced gravel cushion are enhanced, which helps to effectively regulate the distribution of pile-soil stress, improve the stress characteristics of the gravel cushion, and the stress ratio of pile and soil as well , and effectively reduce the strain of the pile. Under the same conditions, the performance of the geocell gravel cushion is slightly better than that of the geogrid gravel cushion in reducing the settlement of pile top, improving the stress ratio of pile and soil and reducing the strain of pile. Meanwhile, with the increase of the cyclic loading, both exhibits much better performance than before.