The effect of NaCl solutions of different concentrations on the asphaltene desorption was investigated by dissipative quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) in situ. The adsorbed mass on the silica surface was fitted by Voigt viscoelastic model. Combined with the test results of Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and contact angle, the effeciency of asphaltene desorption as well as changes of morphology and wettability were analyzed under different salinity conditions. It showed that there was a slight desorption in the presence of NaCl 1000 mg/L aqueous solution; Whereas the amount of asphaltene desorption was increased after introducing NaCl 50 mg/L aqueous solution. The electrostatic repulsion among oil droplet and silica substrate was increased due to the expansion of double electrode layer, causing the desorption of asphaltenes.