Surface microstructures including pits, gibbosity, groove and ridge were designed. Finite element analysis was used to study the bearing behavior of thrust bearing with different surface microstructures in liquids. And the effects of surface mirostructures on bearing capacities were analyzed under different bearing clearance, angular velocity and liquid film viscosity. The results indicated that the bearings with four surface microstructures could generate bearing capacity under liquid lubrication condition, and the bearing capacity was different for bearings with different surface microstructures under same working condition. The bearing capacity of thrust bearing gradually decreased with the increase of bearing clearance, increased with the increase of angular velocity and the increase of lubricant film viscosity; The bearing clearance, rotational speed and the viscosity of liquid film had large influence on the bearing capacity of convex microstructure thrust bearing and had little influence on the bearing capacity of concave microstructure thrust bearing.