Based on the contamination monitoring data of 4 kinds of biological toxicity of heavy metals Hg, Cd, As and Pb in Xiangjiang river of Zhuzhou section, assessed the heavy metal pollution levels of surface water in each section and the whole section of Zhuzhou by the comprehensive heavy metal pollution index. The assessment results showed that the surface water quality levels of Xiangjiang river in Zhuzhou city wereⅠorⅡand the water was contaminated by heavy metals lightly apart from cadmium. Through the comparative analysis, suggests that the government environmental protection department adopts the three equations biosorption model to analyze the biosorption effect when using algae for biosorption of the heavy metals in sewage outlets of the main sections of Xiangjiang river in Zhuzhou city.