Industrial digitalization serves as an important engine for the high-quality development of China’s real economy, a role intrinsically linked to the nation’s 76-year journey of industrialization and informatization since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. In the wake of the PRC’s establishment, starting from a position of extreme industrial backwardness, the Communist Party of China has, by leveraging the strengths of the socialist system in response to evolving historical conditions, steered the nation to achieve a dual catch-up in both industrialization and informatization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China has leveraged its position as the world’s largest manufacturing country, actively aligned with the defining features of the digital economy, and forged a path of industrial digitalization with Chinese characteristics. The leadership of the CPC in driving industrial digitalization is characterized by such distinct strengths as overseeing the broader picture to set its strategic direction, mobilizing concentrated resources to tackle key bottlenecks and challenges, coordinating all related aspects to address emerging issues and contradictions, and upholding a people-centered approach to harmonize industrial digitalization with the improvement of public well-being.