论继承人放弃继承权的效力及其限制
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D923.5

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国家社科基金重大项目“社会主义核心价值观融入民法典编纂重大问题研究”(17VHJ002)


On the Validity and Restrictions of an Heirs’ Renunciation of Inheritance Rights
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    摘要:

    现有立法尊重继承人放弃继承的权利,然而,司法实践中存在不少继承人因放弃继承导致严重损害其债权人的合法权益的案例。继承权作为一项兼具财产权与人身权的权利,尽管其权利位阶高于债权,但不能因此而放任继承人放弃继承权而损害债权人的合法利益,有必要对继承人放弃继承权的行为作出适当的限制。在目前民法典撤销权制度不足以有效约束作为债务人的继承人放弃继承行为的情况下,一方面应合理解释“法定义务”,不仅将赡养、抚养以及扶养义务纳入“法定义务”的范围,而且将其扩张到继承人应当承担的一般性债务清偿义务和遗产管理义务;另一方面,在继承人因放弃继承而不能履行“法定义务”时,应认定该放弃行为无效。

    Abstract:

    While existing legislation respects an heir’s right to renounce inheritance, judicial practice has witnessed numerous cases where such renunciation severely infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of the heir’s creditors. As a right encompassing both property and personal attributes, the right of inheritance, though hierarchically superior to creditor’s rights, should not permit heirs to renounce their inheritance at the expense of creditor’s lawful interests. It is therefore necessary to impose appropriate restrictions on an heir’s renunciation of inheritance. Given that the right of revocation under the current Civil Code is insufficient to effectively restrain debtor-heirs from renouncing their inheritance, a two-fold approach is proposed. On the one hand, the term “statutory obligations” should be interpreted broadly to include not only duties of support, maintenance, and alimony, but also general debt repayment obligations and estate management responsibilities that heirs ought to fulfill. On the other hand, where an heir’s renunciation of inheritance impedes the fulfillment of such “statutory obligations”, the renunciation should be deemed invalid.

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李勇军,蒋鹏泽.论继承人放弃继承权的效力及其限制[J].《湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版)》,2025,30(5):83-90.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-10-23
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