Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s diplomatic discourse has been characterized with a significant demonstration of enhanced cultural confidence and keen cultural self-awareness. The core role to be played by traditional cultural concepts has become prominent in guiding, sustaining, and shaping China’s diplomatic practices with Chinese characteristics. Specifically, China’s distinctive diplomatic discourse embraces the connotation of “unified harmony” in traditional culture, embodies the general principle of “golden moderation” in communication, emphasizes the thinking mode of “adaptable change”, and highlights the aesthetic ideal of “romantic charm”. In order to achieve an effective integration of Chinese culture and foreign cultures, translators need to sharpen the political sensitivity, ponder cultural connotations, render the tone of the source language, distinguish Chinese and Western thinking modes, skillfully adopt English translation skills, thus constructing a positive interactive platform for Chinese discourse and foreign audiences, converting the struggle between “rivalry” and “dialogue” into a relatively harmonious coexistence, and presenting the unique flexibility and vivacity of diplomatic translated language.