Material Ecocriticism inherits the interdisciplinary research tradition of Ecocriticism and absorbs the theoretical essence of New Materialism, thus pushing Ecocriticism into the fourth wave, marking its important turn to the material dimension. From a theoretical perspective, Material Ecocriticism emphasizes the subjectivity and agency of non-human matter, redefining the relationship between human and non-human matter in traditional cognition. Researchers use this critical theory to deeply analyze the agency and narrative ability of non-human matter, attempting to interpret the material life community constructed in the real society and literary world. Material Ecocriticism is committed to bridging the assumed gap between human and non-human matter, further criticizing anthropocentric thinking, and breaking through the traditional Ecocriticism’s binary oppositional thinking patterns in human and nature, culture and nature, race and nature, and other aspects. However, Material Ecocriticism lacks a definitive strategy for addressing the ongoing ecological crisis. At its core, it remains an incomplete theory of matter story.