The advancement of China’s economic modernization and the achievement of its miraculous rapid economic growth have validated that the comprehensive leadership of the Party in the construction of economic modernization is a fundamental law that must be followed to promote socialist economic modernization. The exploration over the past 70 years since the founding of New China has established a path to strengthening the Party’s comprehensive leadership in the construction of economic modernization. The Party’s centralized and unified leadership has provided political assurance for liberating and developing productive forces, gathering forces for economic modernization, stimulating development momentum, preventing chaos, and ensuring the orderly progress of economic modernization. Strengthening the Party’s comprehensive leadership in economic modernization through institutional means has ensured that China’s economic modernization always moves in the right direction. Enhancing the Party’s leadership in the construction of economic modernization through the formulation and implementation of strategic planning has established a mechanism for consistent and long-term development. Strengthening the Party’s leadership in the construction of economic modernization through scientific decision-making and continuous improvement of implementation mechanisms has provided a guarantee for the steady and sustainable development of economic modernization.