Since the 21st century, the Japanese Communist Party has been actively exploring in the situation of new struggle and made two significant revisions to its Party program at the JCP 23rd and 28th congresses. These two revisions reveal the political propositions and theoretical innovations of the JCP since the 21st century. The Program of JCP in 2020 points out that all countries in the world have attained equal status today and become the main forces driving world peace and progress; the inherent contradictions of capitalism have given rise to various global issues, and hegemonic competition among major powers has led to tense situations; socialism is the inevitable trend in the development of human society. Japan is currently in the stage of a democratic revolution, whose task is to implement “democratic reforms within the framework of capitalism”. After completing the democratic revolution, the Japanese Communist Party will, with the support of all the people, open up a path of socialist reform centered on the “socialization of the means of production”. The Program of JCP in 2020 reflects the strategic shift of the Japanese Communist Party to adapt to the domestic political situation and cater to a wider electorate, thus aiming to establish a coalition government. The party’s future development is promising. However, the Program of JCP in 2020 displays some biases in its comments on specific countries and certain problems in the research of fundamental theories.