In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping called on the Party to lead the people to “persist in carrying forward the spirit of struggle” and carry out great struggles on the way forward. Requirements of the Principle of Contradictory Struggle and the political essence of Marxist political parties are the theoretical consciousness of Chinese Communists to carry out great struggles in the new era, and the urgent need to cope with the great changes unseen in a century is its practical need. The great struggle of the Chinese Communists aims at addressing all the negative factors such as contradictions, problems, obstacles, challenges, tests and risks in various fields in order to promote the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. And the way for the communists to carry out the great struggle is that they should have the courage and ability, accurately grasping the characteristics and the direction of the struggle. In the new era, the Chinese Communists have made a series of great achievements, including anti-corruption struggle continuously advanced, major measures adopted to ensure national security, and the People’s Liberation Army being ready for military struggle to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity. In the years of revolutionary warfare, Chinese Communists should make full use of the negative factors in contradictions and struggles, while in the new era, they should pay attention to the constructive factors in contradictory struggle.