The bronze umbrella of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum is composed of three parts: umbrella cover, cover rod, and cover seat. The composition and locking structure of the umbrella shaped chariot cover, copper hoop buckle “cover rod”, “cover seat”, and “frame column” are modeled after the casting details of bronze umbrellas in practical chariots, and are imitated from the practicality of ritual objects. Innovative changes in structural design, integration of diverse materials and processes, and aesthetic expression of decorative design all reflect the design wisdom of craftsmen in the Qin Dynasty. Based on the research of the artifacts and relics of the chariots and horses since the pre-Qin period, the study holds that, from the perspective of “historical evidence” provided by the bronze umbrellas of the bronze chariots and horses of Qin Mausoleum, the evolution process of the pre-Qin chariot system can be examined with the interpretation of textual historical materials and physical evidence, which provides a typical case for reference in many aspects such as the study of the related bronze casting techniques and the aesthetic expression of decorative design.