“Outline of National Agricultural Development (1956—1967)”, formulated under the leadership of Mao Zedong after the launch of the national industrialization strategy, is the first long-term plan to guide the overall rural construction in New China. For the rural construction in New China, Mao Zedong advocates that the work should be done in terms of productivity, production relations, and various social undertakings. His basic ideas include taking agricultural production cooperatives as the organizational support, the development of agricultural production the economic foundation, farmers’ co-construction and sharing the basic principle, and mutual support between workers and farmers, between urban and rural areas the important safeguard. Mao Zedong’s deployment and proposition on rural construction still have important significance for accelerating the construction of livable, business friendly, and beautiful countryside in the new era.