Agricultural economic thought is the core content of Chen Yun’s economic thought system. Having fully recognized the important position of agriculture in China, Chen Yun laid his agricultural economic thought on the infrastructure construction of water conservancy and farmland, and on macro regulation and unified management of grain prices, emphasized the coordinated development of agriculture, light industry, and heavy industry, and environmental protection as well, forming a mature agricultural economic system that includes agricultural infrastructure construction, agricultural market management, and agricultural product regulation and supply.Correct and foresighted, the guidelines and policies for agricultural development, formulated in accordance with the national conditions, bear great significance for the construction of China’s modern agricultural industrial system, including agricultural infrastructure construction, industrial integration development, and macro food control.