The sense of loneliness is Lu Xun’s deepest psychological experience and an important psychological motivation for his cultural choices. Lu Xun’s pioneer thought is also based on loneliness consciousness, which not only points to self-examination, but also has a self-other connotation, which gives rise to Lu Xun’s thinking about society, family and individual spirit. Loneliness consciousness endows Lu Xun’s thought a positive connotation and a sober self-awareness of his own lonely fate and complex thoughts. On the one hand, Lu Xun suffered spiritual suffering in his loneliness, and on the other hand, he was highly alert to this loneliness and showed strong concern for the fate of the nation. This is where the complexity of his loneliness consciousness lies.