Africa is the place that Hemingway loved. From longing for Africa to two trips to Africa, he has successively created diverse and contradictory images of Africa, which are actually reorganized from filtered African elements. Changes in society and times, as well as changes in individual identity, ideology, and writing perspective, determine the continuous evolution of the image of Africa in Hemingway’s works. The separation between the intentional choice of self-identity and the potential influence of collective consciousness presupposes the different nature of the African image, making it full of contradictions between utopianization and ideology. Traveling and writing in Africa not only witnesses Hemingway’s life course, the potential contradictions of his ideology and his reflection and reconstruction of his cultural identity, but also reflects his concern for the survival plight of modern human beings and the spiritual world.