The self-construction of the political party is not only a political topic related to the development of the country, but also a philosophical proposition related to the free and all-round development of people. In The Civil War in France and its Introduction, Marx and Engels systematically analyzed the reasons of the failure of the Paris Commune and attributed the main reason to the lack of an advanced proletarian party in the Paris Commune. The Civil War in France and its Introduction contain a series of important thoughts on Party building, such as establishing a strong leadership core, formulating a scientific governance program, strengthening the construction of organizational discipline within the party, improving the quality of the Party members, and adhering to the core guiding position of Marxism. A thorough study of the thought on Party building in the text is of great theoretical significance and practical guidance to the practice of strict governance of the Party in the new era and to the improvement of the Party’s ability to deal with the “Four dangers” and “Four tests”.