During the National Revolution, in order to conform to the innovation trend in the Buddhist world, Tang Shengzhi initiated the “Buddhist Movement” in Hunan and Hubei provinces, and established organizations such as Buddhist Association as executive organs. On the one hand, Tang Shengzhi protects the rights and interests of the Buddhist community from infringement; On the other hand, he carried out fierce Buddhist innovation and forced the unification of temple property by violence, which caused panic among the Buddhists. At the same time, Tang Shengzhi managed the Association like a political party and tried to develop his political influence. After the “Ma Ri Incident”, the members of Buddhist Association dominated the government affairs and party affairs in Hunan Province, causing political disputes. The relationship between politics and religion in Hunan province during this period reflects the lack of dominance of the Three People’s Principles in the ideological field and the political chaos in China during the period of social transformation.