Shang Shi is a love novel of Lu Xun, which is rich in meaning but difficult to understand. The cause of Juansheng and Zijun’s love tragedy is not only from external pressures such as social environment and economic factors, but also from the self-deception of their spiritual world. This kind of consciousness is reflected in their attitude towards life and love, and also in the strong self-consciousness. In the relationship between the sexes, Zijun tried to use her self-deception to retain love, while Juansheng chose to escape Zijun’s urging in self-deception. When Juansheng was brave enough to face the truth and escape from self-deception, Zijun’s tragic ending made him return to the state of self-deception and he reflected on his own sincerity with regret and sorrow. The self-deception and complex personality shown in Shang Shi is an indirect refraction of Lu Xun’s rich and complex thoughts and inner world, reflecting his revelation of the universal state of human life and philosophical reflections on the predicament of human beings.