The ancient Chinese had family names, childhood names, school names even pen names.What’s more, the meanings of the childhood names, school names even pen names are connected with each other. In Hong Lou Meng, there are 14 characters who had school names. The school names and childhood names have rich cultural meanings and are closely related. Characters’pen names in Hong Lou Meng include nicknames, elegant names and titles or courtesy names whose culture connotations are also very far-reaching. There is a big difference between the Yangs’and David Hawkes’English translation of the names in Hong Lou Meng. Both translation could not express the culture connotation of the group of the titles as a whole at all, which more or less caused a certain loss in the transmission of name culture and also caused some confusion to western readers' understanding of the plot. The translation of school names and pen names of the characters in Chinese literary works, especially ancient historical and cultural celebrities, needs to be based on cultural translation theory, so that the cultural meaning can be effectively transmitted as much as possible.