Strengthening ecological civilization construction is a key measure to overcome the lagging development of Hunan minority areas and improve the level of governance and protection of theecological environment system. Based on the overall situation of ecological civilization construction in Hunan minority areas, this paper analyzes the population distribution, physical geography, economic development and folk culture, and puts forward the key points of land space planning on the concept of“two mountains”，namely to strengthen the spatial linkage and optimize the spatial layout of minority areas, improve the poverty alleviation and build the characteristic industry system in minority areas. The key points of territorial space planning have also been defined in terms of improving the efficiency of resource utilization, and increasing ecological compensation in minority areas. At the same time, it puts forward the path of land and space planning in the ethnic regions of Hunan: strengthening the management and control of the“three births space”, changing the traditional thinking of relying on resource-based wealth; innovating ecological governance methods, building an industrial system; focusing on the overall protection of the ecosystem, and effectively improving the level of spatial governance.