Xi Jinping’s thought on major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era is a concentrated expression of China’s diplomatic strategy in the new era. This diplomatic thought was born in an era when the world was undergoing major changes unseen in a century, China was in a critical period of the rise of a major power, and China’s diplomatic strategy needed urgent adjustment. Xi Jinping’s thought on major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era contains the connotations of diplomatic thoughts with a profound views on international order, international responsibility, and national interests. Among them, the view on international order shows China’s national identity and role positioning in the current international order; the view on international responsibility clarifies the degree of development of China as a big developing country, and accordingly determines the content that China should comprehensively consider in assuming international responsibility; the view on national interests highlights the core status of national sovereignty and security.