The rapid expansion and effective maintenance of the overseas interests of European and American countries are inseparable from the protection of National Overseas Interests by various non-governmental organizations (NGOs). These NGOs effectively make up for and strengthen the ability of sovereign countries to safeguard their overseas interests in terms of their own policy research, export their own cultures, guide international public opinions, provide public services for overseas institutions and citizens, and participate in the political activities of their host countries. However, the NGO activities in the world of great powers can’t avoid such problems as strong ideological color, insufficient legal supervision, and volunteer failure and so on. These problems cause the loss of dual interests of both the host country and the home country. Under the background of “The Belt and Road”, China’s overseas interests have been greatly expanded, but they are also facing great risks and challenges. In this regard, we can learn from the experience and lessons of European and American countries, pay attention to the role of NGOs in protecting China’s overseas interests, explore a new model of “government+NGOs”for protecting China's overseas interests, support the development of NGOs serving China’s overseas interests, and strengthen cooperation with international NGOs.