In order to find the cause of the low tide of European workers’ movement in the early 1920s, Marcuse attempted to build full rich perceptual human nature. And to develop from the capitalist ideological state apparatus controlled by the freedom of body as the goal, Marcuse took to the road of the aesthetic political liberation, the utopian future view in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 provides the most powerful theory support for him. Marcuse reinterpreted the manuscript in the article The Foundation of Historical Materialism and refounded Marxist historical materialism on the restoration of aesthetic humanity. He revealed the possibility of alienation and transcendence in human nature, which must be connected through the existence of human being in itself – “labor”. Marcuse located the philosophical starting point of emotional liberation in human nature on the philosophical concept of labor and sought the root of alienated labor in human nature, thus giving up the in-depth study on the structure of private ownership. He characterized human nature as the free and conscious aesthetic spiritual instinct of human beings in labor, which lacked the background of material production practice of Marxism. Historical Materialism opens the Marcuse later political aesthetics research direction of “humanity-beauty-love-game-new sensibility-new leftism-aesthetic dimension”. Its aesthetic politics is time-sensitive to the tension between human life and capital circulation in the contemporary developed capitalist society.