The period from the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 is seem as development and frustration of construction of literary theory with Chinese characteristics. Its overall situation is that Sinicized Marxist discourse of the literary theory has become the authoritative one. It has historical experience including the gradual classical change and authoritarianism of Mao Zedong’s literary thoughts；People’s character，Class character and Popularization as the key wordsto shape the discourse system of authoritative literary theory；Zhou Yang's strong theoretical consciousness of the autonomy and practicality of Chinese literary theory；rich ideological value of“criticized”literary theory or“marginalized”ones；initial construction on Sinicized system of textbook and curriculum of literary theory；creating paradigm of multi-direction creation in the way of constructing literary theory. The study on historical experience of construction of literary theory with Chinese characteristics in this period has followed different patterns including systematacial studies deepening ceaselessly；typical case studies reaping a bumper harvest such as Mao Zedong’s literary thoughts，Zhou Yang’s literary theory and its important propositions，Hu Feng’s classical text，the major debate on“Realism”；the research of Chinese experience of textbook and curriculum of literary theory becoming more and more fine；emerging methods and paths cross-used massively.