The aging of population is escalating in China, the demand for medical assistance among the elderly has increased, and the “combination of medical care and nursing” model has become the trend of elderly care in the new era. Although the implementation of the “combination of medical care and nursing” model has greatly improved the quality of elderly care, the rights and interests of the elderly have not been effectively protected during its implementation. From the perspective of legal regulations, the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly under the current “combination of medical care and nursing” mode has such major problems as legislative defects, irregular law enforcement, lack of judicial relief, improper publicity of law popularization, etc. It is necessary to improve relevant legislation, deepen the construction of law enforcement norms, strengthen judicial protection, and improve the publicity effect of law popularization in order to effectively protect the rights and interests of the elderly.