According to the poll on opinion of the image of the opposite country among the youth from China and Russia, young people from the two countries have reached very high mutual recognition. They have relatively good acceptance for the current situation of bilateral relations, and have positive expectations for the future. Geographical location, cognition method, national emotion, linguistic culture and the United States are the five factors that influence the mutual understanding between Chinese and Russian youth. We should actively construct the good image of our country through effective measures like strengthening selfcognition and research on the target country.