Jia Zhangke's film Mountains May Depart focuses on the living status of the bottomlevel characters with civilian perspective and nostalgic manner. Through the survival conditions of three generations centered on “Shen Tao”, the film demonstrates the three types of loneliness in China's modernization process caused by the geographical distance, emotional alienation and cultural rootlessness, representing the cultural symptoms and identity anxiety under the double squeeze of modernization and globalization, which reveals the reasons for the collapse of the spiritual homeland under the social vicissitude.