This paper embeds PEST factor analysis method in SWOT model, including political factors, economic factors, social factors and technical factors, to build a comprehensive SWOT-PEST model framework. At the same time, SWOT-PEST matrix is built based on the practical experience and data analysis of local government’s public cultural service. By analyzing the internal advantages and disadvantages as well as the external opportunities and challenges of local government, this paper points out the problems existing in the public cultural service of local government, and four alternative strategies are provided for the public cultural service of local government, namely enhanced SO-PEST strategy, conservative WO-PEST strategy, radical WT-PEST strategy and defensive ST- PEST strategy, to speed up the establishment of a modern public culture service system.