As the first act for the student athletes in American history, California’s Student Athlete Bill of Rights produces profound impact on the development of American college sports. The enactment of the Act has its unique historical background: under the administration of NCAA, American student athletes do not get due rights, and this lack of rights is difficult to obtain relief through judicial channels. The bill enacted fully protected the basic rights of student athletes, changed the difficult situation of California student athletes to recourse education, medical expenses through legal means, which exerts a positive impact on the development of college sports; at the same time, there are still some problems to face, for instance, some clauses need to be clarified, and the realization of the rights of student athletes depends too much on the decision of schools, and the validity of the bill is too short, resulting in the uncertainty of rights. The enlightenment to China is that we should pass legislation to strengthen the comprehensive protection of the rights of student athletes, and emphasize the student athletes’ cultural education rights, highlighting the financial aid rights and medical security rights of the wounded and injured student athletes.