There are three kinds of aesthetic realm of “literary west Hunan” in modern and contemporary Chinese history: west Hunan of poetic nature, west Hunan of folk customs, west Hunan of chaos and wars. Deng Hongshun’s novel Blood and Iron West Hunan, around the two story lines of bandit Zhang Yulin’s “ taking up the gun”, “raising a force” and underground CPC member Chen Ce’s “taking up arms”, “setting up the western Hunan troop”, excavates the aesthetic resources of Blood and Iron West Hunan and describs the turbulence and dangers in the chaos of western Hunan, which has distinctive characteristics of “literary local chronicles”. The work shows an “official history” feature of describing and judging life in turbulent times in the framework of historical trend, but there are some limitations that affect the typicalization of the characters and the humanistic flavor of writing.