The ultimate purpose of Enlightenment is freedom and liberation, which has not only the rational side, but more about perceptual life. Under the guideline of saving the nation, Enlightenment of the main intellectual circle in the late Qing dynasty led to the over development of instrumental rationality. The concept of “human” was replaced and Political Enlightenment replaced human caring. Starting from life itself, Wang Guowei opposed the utilitarian view of Enlightenment prevailing in the end of the Qing dynasty, and claimed that academic and literature shall give Human interest in the spirit. The center of Wang Guowei’s Enlightenment thus attributed to this: how to handle the problem of desire holding life. The over development of rationality in the main intellectual circle and consciousness of the masses both are due to the disharmony between the perceptual and the rational. Wang Guowei advocated the “Theory of Play”, which results in a satisfactory humanity through aesthetic play reconciling the conflicts between the perceptual and the rational.