In the social transformation phase, the relief system transplanted from foreign countries does not work well in the Chinese context, and its capacity to resolute social contradictions and conflicts was greatly reduced. When the effective relief through formal institutional arrangements and legal procedures could not be realized, the rational people will choose more “economical” and “efficient” methods such as committing self-mutilation or suicide, i.e. protecting legal rights by body. The choice-making process of people protecting legal rights by body can be positioned as a risk decision-making process in the limited selection of rational man model. The theory of framing effects of behavioral economics can help to interpret the decision-making process and behavior motivation of protecting legal rights by body.