The distribution policy of income transformed from scientific and technological achievements is one of the key factors affecting the success of achievements transformation. In China, the existing problems of current policies mainly include: it is hard to carry out the researchers' incentive policy; the benefit of researchers can not be guaranteed; the transformation income management that implements the "two lines of revenue and expenditure" does not meet the requirements of scientific and research budget systems and financial management. These problems exert negative influence on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. It is necessary to improve relevant laws and regulations, enact the detailed rules for the stock equity awards, and build internal incentive mechanism. It is also essential to build suitable state-owned asset management policy according to the particularity of achievements transformation, requirements and the status of financial management of research institutes.