During the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Zedong’s theory of ideological and political education became mature. He put forward a series of ideas and methods about the ideological and political education as follows: he thinks that the ideological and political education is the key link of uniting the whole party to march the great political struggle; Besides, he puts the emphasis on the propaganda of policy and strategy of the Party and also says that ideological and political education should adhere to the education of the plain living and hard struggle, self-reliance; Through the Yan’an rectification movement, Marxism expands its influence; Mao thinks that army should always be the priority of targets in the ideological and political education; In terms of education, Mao also presents a set of proven methods of ideological and political education.