To improve the separation and recovery efficiency of crushed materials and reduce raw material loss, a novel vortex separation device was designed. This device effectively enhanced the stability and separation selectivity of the vortex field via structural innovation, thereby providing a new technical solution for the sector of resource recovery. Firstly, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was adopted to conduct a systematic three-dimensional numerical simulation analysis on the flow field characteristics of the device under different negative pressure conditions, with a focus on investigating key parameters such as pressure distribution and velocity vector. The simulation results demonstrate that the device can form a distinctly layered vortex flow field, and achieve an optimal matching between gas-solid separation efficiency and vortex intensity within the negative pressure range of -10 ~ -13 kPa. The research results not only provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization and operating parameter setting of vortex separation devices, but also indicate the direction for the design improvement of relevant equipment, which bears significant engineering application value for advancing green manufacturing and resource recycling.