To address the issues such as low material utilization, inadequate sealing, and poor environmental adaptability in traditional valve packaging boxes, a composite structure combining an exoskeletal frame with a modular insertion system is proposed. First, the packaging box design requirements are analyzed. Subsequently, the design is developed from three aspects of performance, structure, and manufacturing process. Based on engineering application characteristics, a system-optimization approach is adopted for selecting and designing the insert materials, main body materials, and sealing materials. ANSYS simulations are performed on the exoskeleton packaging box under various operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed valve packaging box can extend the box’s service life while meeting stacking, transportation, and forklift handling requirements. This valve packaging box holds broad application prospects.